[[トルクメニスタン]]
*トルクメニスタン	Turkmenistan  [#o9b44f7e]
***国コード； [#ka6f45f6]
ISO=TM/TKM，~
NET=.tm，~
IOC=TKM~
***プロフィル； [#tc9c7fb3]
-砂漠と遊牧民の国~
-カスピ海に面し、カラクム砂漠が国土の80%を占める.~
-司馬遷の「史記」に登場する汗血馬（かんけつば）はこの地の産。~
-豊富な石油や天然ガスを埋蔵する。パイプラインの敷設を巡って世界中が注目している。~
-永世中立国。~
-メルヴやニサといったシルクロードの遺跡が有名だが、全体として観光業はあまり発展していない。~
-観光ビザの取得手続きは煩雑である。~
-ニヤゾフ前大統領時代は完全な独裁体制が確立しており、欧米からは「中央アジアの北朝鮮」といわれていた。言論の自由はなく、インターネットの一般利用も認められていなかった。~
-2007年2月14日 大統領選の結果、ベルディムハメドフが大統領が就任し、開放政策の推進しつつある。~
***国のシンボル [#tbbadb15]
-国の木；~
-国の動物~
-国　鳥；~
-国　旗：~
緑地にイスラム教のシンボルである三日月と星。~
５つの星は国を構成する５つの地方を表す。~
左側の装飾紋様は伝統産業の絨毯の柄を図案化したもので、主要な５部族を表わす。~
-国　花；~
-国　歌；
独立、中立、トルクメニスタンの国歌~
***国　土； [#j9d9f5ad]
90％がカラクム砂漠~
ウズベキスタンとの国境に沿ってアムダリヤ河が流れており、そこからカラクム運河が分かれていて、灌漑農業などに利用されている。~
イランと接する南部にコペト山脈が走っている。~
西側はカスピ海に臨む。~
アラル海に注ぐアムダリヤ川を除いて、南部の山地から流れ出る川はいずれも砂漠の中に消えてしまう。~
天然資源も豊富で、天然ガスは旧ソ連では口シアに次いで産出量が多い。また世界中から引き合いのある名馬アハル・テク種を産する。国を東西に走るカラクム運河（1100km ）は世界最長の運河である。~
国境線の長さは3,736km。カラクム砂漠が面積の多くを占める。ウズベキスタンとの国境付近にアムダリヤ川が流れている。~
-面　積；	48，8ｋ�屐　　米�本の1.3倍）~
***政治体制 [#kb0435f2]
-政　体；~
共和制~
-地方自治：~
アハル、バルカン、ダシュホヴズ、レパル、マーリの5つの州からなる。~
-独立年月日；~
1991年10月27日、ソビエト連邦より独立~
-元　首；~
グルバングルイ・ベルディムハメドフ大統領（2007年2月就任）~
-首　都；~
アシハバードAshgabat，40万7000人（1990）~
***国民 [#gf9f6c25]
-人　口；~
490万人~
-民　族；~
トルクメン人77％、ウズベク人9％、~
ロシア人7％カザフ人2％~
-言　語；~
トルクメン語(公用語)~
-宗　教；~
イスラム教スンニ派89％、東方正教会9％~

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