リビア・キュレーネ遺跡のバックアップ(No.15)

アフリカ/リビア

キュレーネ遺跡　　Cyrene †

ベンガジの北東約200km。
キレナイカ半島の北部の標高621mの丘にある古代ギリシャ都市遺跡。
古代ローマ劇場、ゼウス神殿、ドーリア式列柱が並ぶフォーラム。
リビア国内では最も保存状態のよいギリシア遺跡であり、1982年に世界遺産に登録されている。
紀元前7世紀にギリシアの現サントリーニ島の人々が大地震よる飢饉に襲われ、アポロンの神託によって島民がリビアの東海岸に着き斜面に泉を見つけて都市を建設し泉の女神に因んでキュレーネと名づけたといわれる。
アテネ、シラクーサに次ぐアクロポロスとして栄えたゼウス神殿は、ギリシャ時代のものとしては北アフリカ最大規模を誇るものだったといわれる。
一時は王国が築かれたが、後に共和制に移行した。紀元前4世紀にはアリスティッポスによって哲学校が創設され、ギリシア哲学の中心地となった。
地球の直径を測定した学者エラトステネスを輩出したほか、この町にゆかりのある学者が多くいる。
後に到来したプトレマイオス朝においても発展が促され、ローマ帝国の支配下でも、既存施設の改修や野外劇場やローマ浴場などの建設が進んだ。しかし、4世紀に相次いだ大地震により街は崩壊し、衰退の道をたどった。
古代の街並みを見おろす丘の上には、ギリシア市民の語らいの場「アゴラ」や、プトレマイオス朝時代に建てられた体育館や図書館などの複合施設「ギュムナシオン」が並んでいる。
西部の「アポロンの聖域」には神殿が設けられ、遺構には列柱が残っている。Qkj

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リビア・キュレーネ遺跡 のバックアップ(No.15)

キュレーネ遺跡 Cyrene †

リビア・キュレーネ遺跡のバックアップ(No.15)

キュレーネ遺跡　　Cyrene †