[[トルコ]]

*ヴァン Van [#h12013f9]
#ref(p-trヴァン湖畔-1アクダマル島.jpg,around)
#ref(p-trヴァン湖畔--2バュンドゥルの墓.jpg,,,,,,97%)~
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-イラン国境に近く、左右の目の色が異なるヴアン猫で知られる町。~
-琵琶湖の5倍以上という大きなヴアン湖の畔にあり、約100kmの対岸のタトゥヴアンとはフェリーで結ばれている。町の標高は1700mを超す。~
-BC13〜7世紀にウラルトウ王国の首都として栄え、王国は隣接するアッシリアの文化を取り入れ、交易、農業、鉄工芸や右細工に優れていたが、他族の侵入、参戦で崩壊した。~
-ビザンチン帝国、ペルシャ帝国が占拠したあと、1071年のセルジュク朝に次いで、1468年のオスマン帝国による支配で古い町は破壊された。古都トウシュパの岩山にヴアン城塞が残されている。~
-町の東約60kmには、オスマン帝国の時代に建てられたホシャツプ城があり、2つのモスク、3つのハマムをはじめとする365部屋があったといわれる。~
-ヴアンからホシャツプ城への途上にあるチヤヴシュテペ城は、BC760〜730年にウラルトウの王によって築かれた城。一枚岩をくり抜いて作られた部屋と通路、岩に掘られた貯水池や穀物貯蔵庫などがあり興味深い。彫ったばかりのように鮮やかなクサビ形文字は、当時この一帯が豊かな森林だったことを告げている。~
-ヴアンの湖畔には1335年に建てられたセルジュク朝時代の墓所があり、湖に浮かぶアクダマル島には、10世紀初頭に建てられた美しい教会がある。教会の外壁には聖書の物語のレリーフ、内部は漆喰で塗り込められた壁の下に残るフレスコ画を見ることができる。~
-日曜を除き毎日開催されるヴアンの家畜市は、地方の民族文化を二垣間見せてくれる。gto~
***ビトゥリスBitlis [#a389d1c4]
-ヴアン湖西岸の町タトウヴアンから、山を隔てた南西26kmにある狭い谷間の町。~
-5000年の歴史を持つ。12世紀初頭に建てられたウルジャーミイをはじめとする24のモスクが林立し、モスクと墓所の町とも呼ばれている。~
-シルクロードの宿場だった町で、16世紀のキャラバンサライが2つ残されている。~
-ビザンティン時代には7つの大学と7つの額事飴があり、人口は12万人を超す賑わいを見せた（当時のイスタンプールの人口3万5千人）。~
-かつて50もの橋が架かっていたという川を挟んで、入り組んだ雑踏の道を散策するのも楽しい。gto~



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