#freeze
[[ペルー]]

*チャビン遺跡  Archaeological Site of Chavin [#i2fe4d90]
(チャビン・デ・ワンタル Chavin de Huantar)~
-山岳地帯に栄えたチャビン文化の神殿跡。~
-チャビン文化は中部山岳地帯を中心に、紀元前1500年〜前1300年に始まり、紀元前400年〜前200年頃には滅びたと考えられている。宗教性の強い文化で、アンデス文明の母体であるとされる。~
-紀元前10世紀から紀元前5世紀頃にかけて造られた旧神殿と、紀元前4世紀から紀元前2世紀頃の新神殿がある。旧神殿の石造りの建物の下には細い地下通路が複雑に巡らされていて、迷路のようになっている。ランソンと呼ばれる高さ約4.5ｍもの石塔の主神体がある。回廊からは祭祀土器などの奉納品が大量に発見されている。　~
-1985年に世界遺産に登録された。~
-遺跡はワスカラン国立公園に属するブランカ山群の東側の谷間に位置する。~
-当時この地域では動物が信仰対象となり、人間と動物が一体化した石像が見られるのが特徴。旧神殿中央の地下室からは、身体は人、頭はジャガー、髪の毛はヘビの形をした高さ4.5ｍの「ランソン像」が発見されている。~
-神殿の前の広場には、「生け贄の台」など儀式に使用されたと推定される施設が残っている。出土品を展示する博物館も併設されている。~
-1996年の在ペルー日本大使公邸人質事件の際に、軍が地下を掘り進み、武力突入の作戦名としたのが「チャビン･デ･ワンダル」（神殿名）だった。 Qkbt~
***アクセス [#caea97b9]
リマからワラスまでバスで約7〜8時間。ワラスからツアーあり。~
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